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We started with the brain cell. Now that you know how the artificial version works, look back at the real one. Every piece you've learned has a match here.
On the left: dendrites, branching arms that receive signals from other neurons. Those are the inputs. In the middle: the soma, the cell body, which adds all those incoming signals up. That is the sum. On the right: the axon, a long cable that carries the result onward, but only if the signal was strong enough to fire.
Even the weights are here. The connections between neurons aren't equal. Some pass a strong signal through, others barely let anything through. That is the biological version of a weight.
Receive, add, pass it on. The artificial neuron didn't copy the brain exactly. It borrowed this one shape.