What humans actually do
Here's something worth sitting with: we don't fully understand our own understanding.
When you recognize a face, you can't explain how. It happens below conscious access. When you get a joke, you can't trace the steps from words to laughter. When you know a sentence is wrong before you can say why, something's working that you can't see.
Yet we hold machines to a standard we can't meet ourselves.
That doesn't settle the debate. But it does show "understanding" isn't as sharp a line as it feels when we're drawing it between humans and machines.