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What the Cold Taught Us

  1. 01What the Cold Taught Us
  2. 02What failure teaches
  3. 03The assumptions that broke
  4. 04The problem with logic
  5. 05Knowledge is not rules
  6. 06The quiet work
  7. 07Connectionism returns
  8. 08Why the winters mattered
  9. 09Reinforce your understanding
  10. 10Question: assumptions
  11. 11Question: connectionism
  12. 12Question: legacy
  13. 13Quiz: answer
  14. 14The thaw
  15. 15Want to go deeper?
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The quiet work

During the winters, one thread survived.

A small group of researchers, underfunded and mostly ignored, had stopped asking "what rules does thinking follow?" and started asking something else entirely: what if machines didn't follow rules at all? What if instead of being told the answer, they learned it?

The idea wasn't new. Networks of simple connected units that could learn from experience had been proposed in the 1940s, inspired loosely by how neurons in the brain work. But they had been dismissed as too slow, too limited, and too far from anything useful. A few people kept working on them anyway.

Citations(2)↓
  1. 1. doi.org
  2. 2. mitpress.mit.edu