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The other half is knowing what to actually do with that information.
You can't just "fix" the weights. There's no single correct value for any of them. A network might have millions of weights, each one a dial that can be set to any number.
Backpropagation tells you which direction each dial should turn. But you still have to decide how far to turn it, when to stop, and how to do this across millions of examples without losing your way.
Training is a search. The question is how to search well.