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Take this sentence:
“Jordan placed a heavy box on a glass table. It broke.”
What broke?
Most people assume it was the table. But the grammar never says that. It could refer to the box.
The answer comes from ordinary knowledge: heavy objects can break glass, and placing a box on a table usually does not break the box.
People bring years of experience to a sentence. Early programs had only the facts and rules people supplied. To reach the same conclusion, a program needed relevant background knowledge in a form it could use.
The second wall appeared before search even began. The program needed to know which facts mattered.
More speed could not solve that by itself.