The name for all of this

The mechanism now has a name.

The expert systems from the long winter needed a person to write every rule by hand, one case at a time.

This approach writes none of them. It supplies examples with their correct answers and lets training adjust the numbers until the answers improve.

That alternative is called machine learning.

The word "learning" can make the process sound mysterious. The mechanism is a repeated loop: predict, compare with the correct answer, adjust, and try again.

Experience changes what the machine does next, even though nobody wrote a rule for sorting every possible example.