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The training photos may be tidy. One animal fills each frame. The lighting is clear. The label is certain.
The real world is not tidy.
A cat can be tiny or enormous, curled into a ball or stretched across a sofa. Part of it may be hidden. The room may be dark. A dog may have pointed ears, and a cat may have round ones.
Some photographs contain conditions the network never encountered during training. Some are genuinely unclear, even to a person.
More layers can learn more complicated patterns. They cannot make unclear evidence disappear.
The real test is whether the learned pattern carries into this variation.