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Turing published his paper in 1950. The British government prosecuted him for being gay in 1952. He died in 1954, aged 41.
The question outlived him.
Two years after his death, a group of researchers gathered at Dartmouth College.
There, they gave the new field a name: artificial intelligence.
The next chapter begins with a working program they brought with them.
We cannot look inside anyone and see a thought.
Turing asked something we can test instead. Can a machine talk in a way that seems human?
A convincing answer gives us a clue, but it does not prove understanding.