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Patterns can stand for numbers

We can place the four patterns in order and let each one stand for a number:

00 = 0

01 = 1

10 = 2

11 = 3

We are not adding the switches. We are reading their positions together as one pattern.

That is why 11 represents three here, not two.

# citations(2)↓
  1. [1]csrc.nist.gov
  2. [2]nvlpubs.nist.gov